Please disable third-party plugins and customizations (if there are any) and if you use a caching plugin, ensure that caching is disabled for logged-in users.
Also, please refresh the permalink structure in Settings/Permalinks (choose any structure with %postname% if the default one is selected).
If there were no customizations, everything should work and there should be a redirect to Checkout instead of Cart. If the issue persists, please try to click Create Pages in WooCommerce > Status > Tools, and also re-save the listing in case there’s something wrong with the linked listing product.